Publications

If you've published an article describing a MouseTracker study, please get in touch if you'd like it added to the list.
 

Methodological papers (e.g., reviewing, describing, or validating mouse-tracking techniques)

  1. Welte, M., Kubota, J. T., & Cloutier, J. The social neuroscience of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination (pp. 59-116). Routledge.

  2. Pfister, R., Tonn, S., Schaaf, M., & Wirth, R. (2024). mousetRajectory: Mouse tracking analyses for behavioral scientists. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 20(3).

  3. Kuric, E., Demcak, P., Krajcovic, M., & Nemcek, P. (2024). Is mouse dynamics information credible for user behavior research? An empirical investigation. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 103849.

  4. Yu, H., Gao, X., Shen, B., Hu, Y., & Zhou, X. (2024). A levels-of-analysis framework for studying social emotions. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1-16.

  5. Di Palma, M., Carioti, D., Arcangeli, E., Rosazza, C., Ambrogini, P., Cuppini, R., Minelli, A., & Berlingeri, M. (2022). The biased hand. mouse-tracking metrics to examine the conflict processing in a race-implicit association test. PLOS ONE, 17(7).

  6. Valacich, J. S., Jenkins, J. L., & Čišić, D. (2022). Digital Behavioral Biometrics and Privacy: Methods for Improving Business Processes without Compromising Customer Privacy. 45th Jubilee International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO), 1019-1024.

  7. March, D. S., & Gaertner, L. A (2021). Method for Estimating the Time of Initiating Correct Categorization in Mouse-Tracking.

  8. Lai, C. K., & Wilson, M. E. (2020). Measuring implicit intergroup biases. Social and Personality Psychology Compass.

  9. Wirth, R., Foerster, A., Kunde, W., & Pfister, R. (2020). Design choices: Empirical recommendations for designing two-dimensional finger-tracking experiments. Behavior research methods.

  10. Tian, G., & Wu, W. (2019). A Review of Mouse-Tracking Applications in Economic Studies. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 11(6 (J)), 1-9.

  11. Stillerman, B.S. & Freeman, J. B. (2019). Mouse-tracking to understand real-time dynamics of social cognition. In Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Kühberger, A., & Johnson, J. G (Eds), A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods (2nd ed., pp 146-160). New York: Routledge.

  12. Kieslich, P. J., Henninger, F., Wulff, D. U., Haslbeck, J. M., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Mouse-Tracking: A Practical Guide to Implementation and Analysis 1. In A handbook of process tracing methods (pp. 111-130). Routledge.

  13. Kieslich, P.J., Schoemann, M., Grage, T. (2019). Design factors in mouse-tracking: What makes a difference? Behavior Research Methods.

  14. Erb, C. D. (2018). The developing mind in action: Measuring manual dynamics in childhood. Journal of Cognition and Development, 19(3), 233-247.

  15. Sartori, G., Zangrossi, A., & Monaro, M. (2018). Deception detection with behavioral methods: the autobiographical implicit association test, concealed information test–reaction time, mouse dynamics, and keystroke dynamics. In Detecting Concealed Information and Deception (pp. 215-241). Academic Press.

  16. Stillman, P. E., Shen, X., & Ferguson, M. J. (2018). How Mouse-tracking Can Advance Social Cognitive Theory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

  17. Freeman, J.B. (2018). Doing psychological science by handCurrent Directions in Psychological Science, 1-6.

  18. Zgonnikov, A., Aleni, A., Piiroinen, P. T., O'Hora, D., & di Bernardo, M. (2017). Decision landscapes: visualizing mouse-tracking data. Royal Society Open Science4(11), 170482.

  19. Schneider, I. K., & Schwarz, N. (2017). Mixed feelings: The case of ambivalence. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 15, 39-45.

  20. Scherbaum, S., & Kieslich, P. J. (2017). Stuck at the starting line: How the starting procedure influences mouse-tracking data. Behavior Research Methods, 1-14.

  21. Calcagnì, A., Lombardi, L., & Sulpizio, S. (2017). Analyzing spatial data from mouse tracker methodology: An entropic approachBehavior Research Methods, 1-19.

  22. Lin, Y. & Lin, P. (2016). Mouse tracking traces the "camrbidge unievrsity" effects in monolingual and bilingual minds. Acta Psychologica, 167, 52-62. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.04.001

  23. Yamamoto, N., Incera, S., & McLennan, C. T. (2016). A reverse stroop task with mouse tracking. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00670

  24. Hehman, E., Stolier, R.M., & Freeman, J.B. (2015). Advanced mouse-tracking analytic techniques for enhancing psychological scienceGroup Processes and Intergroup Relations [special issue on Statistical and Methodological Advances].

  25. Freeman, J.B. & Dale, R. (2013). Assessing bimodality to detect the presence of a dual cognitive process. Behavior Research Methods.

  26. Freeman, J.B., Dale, R., & Farmer, T.A. (2011). Hand in motion reveals mind in motionFrontiers in Psychology, 2, 59.

  27. Freeman, J.B. & Ambady, N. (2010). MouseTracker: Software for studying real-time mental processing using a computer mouse-tracking methodBehavior Research Methods, 42, 226-241.


Research articles that have used MouseTracker

  1. Chwe, J. A. H., Lick, D. J., & Freeman, J. B. (2024). Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

  2. Kim, M. J. (2024). Emotional capture of spatial attention is suppressed in high anxiety but at a non-spatial time cost. Visual Cognition, 1-18.

  3. Stephan, E., & Walker, M. (2024). The true self in reflections? Visual self‐recognition and the Big Five. European Journal of Social Psychology.

  4. Aydin, P., & Cakir, M. P. (2024). Decision-Making Behaviour and Minimal Social Conditions: Economic versus Moral Choices. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (Vol. 46).

  5. Pekçetin, T. N., Evsen, Ş., Pekçetin, S., Acarturk, C., & Urgen, B. A. (2024). Mind Perception at Play: Exploring Agent and Action Dynamics in Real-Time Human-Robot Interaction. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (Vol. 46).

  6. Pathak, L. S., Vulchanova, M., Pathak, P., & Mishra, R. K. (2024). Trilingual parallel processing: Do the dominant languages grab all the attention?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1-18.

  7. Chen, F., Zheng, J., Wang, L., & Krajbich, I. (2024). Attribute latencies causally shape intertemporal decisions. Nature Communications, 15(1), 2948.

  8. Stapels, J. G., & Eyssel, F. (2024). Torn Between Love and Hate: Mouse Tracking Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 1-17.

  9. Harp, N. R., Nielsen, A. N., Schultz, D. H., & Neta, M. (2024). In the face of ambiguity: intrinsic brain organization in development predicts one’s bias toward positivity or negativity. Cerebral Cortex, 34(3), bhae102.

  10. Pekçetin, T. N., Evsen, S., Pekçetin, S., Acarturk, C., & Urgen, B. A. (2024, March). Real-World Implicit Association Task for Studying Mind Perception: Insights for Social Robotics. In Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (pp. 837-841).

  11. Pekçetin, T. N., Acarturk, C., & Urgen, B. A. (2024, March). Investigating Mind Perception in HRI through Real-Time Implicit and Explicit Measurements. In Companion of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (pp. 139-141).

  12. Xu, X. J., Mobbs, D., & Wu, H. (2024). Unethical amnesia brain: Memory and metacognitive distortion induced by dishonesty. bioRxiv, 2024-03.

  13. Incera, S., Hevia-Tuero, C., Martín, I. E., & Suárez-Coalla, P. (2024). How country of origin and stimuli language influence visual word recognition in bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13670069241229394.

  14. Brambilla, M., Mattavelli, S., & Masi, M. (2024). Face–context integration and trustworthiness evaluation. European Review of Social Psychology, 1-46.

  15. Landwehr, I., Mundloch, K., & Schmidt, A. F. (2024). A Dress Is Not a Yes: Towards an Indirect Mouse-Tracking Measure of Men’s Overreliance on Global Cues in the Context of Sexual Flirting. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1-20.

  16. Xia, R. J., & Haas, B. W. (2023). Investigating the role of bilingualism and gender on theory of mind using mouse-tracking and self-report. International Journal of Bilingualism, 13670069231208120.

  17. Gross, T., & Maleck, M. (2023). AnswerTruthDetector: a Combined Cognitive Load Approach for Separating Truthful from Deceptive Answers in Computer-Administered Questionnaires. i-com: journal of interactive media.

  18. O'Connor, R. J., Lucas, A. P., & Riggs, K. J. (2023). Rethinking egocentric bias: A computer mouse-tracking study of adult belief processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.

  19. Rahman, A., & Liu, Z. (2023). The cognitive psychological distinctions between levels of meaning. Language Sciences, 100, 101583.

  20. Wolfer, S., & Klosa-Kückelhaus, A. (2023). Tracking the acceptance of neologisms in German: Psycholinguistic factors and their correspondence with corpus-linguistic findings. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1-10.

  21. Xiao, K., Zhang, A., Qu, J., Deng, F., Guo, C., & Yamauchi, T. (2023). Hand Motions Reveal Attentional Status and Subliminal Semantic Processing: A Mouse-Tracking Technique. Brain Sciences, 13(9), 1267.

  22. Smeding, A., Gautheron, F., & Quinton, J. C. (2023). When ethics also matter: Influence of taste, health, and ethical attributes on food decisions traced with a novel mouse-tracking paradigm. Appetite, 107006.

  23. Liakou-Zarda, M., & Tzafilkou, K. (2023). Mouse tracking and consumer experience: exploring the associations between mouse movements, consumer emotions, brand awareness and purchase intent. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1-14.

  24. Pekçetin, T. N., Evsen, Ş., Pekçetin, S., Acarturk, C., & Urgen, B. A. (2023). A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), (198), e65436.

  25. Meregalli, V., Ambrosini, E., Tenconi, E., Schroeder, P. A., Cardi, V., Veronese, A., ... & Collantoni, E. (2023). Food induced distractibility in restrictive anorexia nervosa: Different motor patterns for different foods as revealed by a mouse tracker evaluation. Appetite, 106639.

  26. Zani, G., Butterfill, S. A., & Low, J. (2023). Mindreading by body: Incorporating mediolateral balance and mouse-tracking measures to examine the motor basis of adults’ false-belief tracking. Royal Society Open Science, 10(5).

  27. Zhang, J., & Wu, Y. (2023). “Yixie” is likely not created equal for everyone: Distinct reasoning procedures in interpreting the same scalar quantifier. Lingua, 288, 103523.

  28. Van der Biest, M., Cracco, E., Riva, P., & Valentini, E. (2023). Should I trust you? investigating trustworthiness judgements of painful facial expressions. Acta Psychologica, 235, 103893.

  29. Chen, F., Zhu, Z., Shen, Q., Krajbich, I., & Hare, T. A. (2023). Intrachoice dynamics shape social decisions. Management Science.

  30. Krueger, B. I., Beers, H., & Frankenberry, J. (2023). Interpretation of misarticulated words by children with and without speech sound disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 66(4), 1137–1147.

  31. Tuft, S. E., Incera, S., & McLennan, C. T. (2023). Examining long-term repetition priming effects in spoken word recognition using computer mouse tracking. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.

  32. Fisher, G. (2023). Measuring the factors influencing purchasing decisions: Evidence from Cursor Tracking and cognitive modeling. Management Science.

  33. Ericson, J. D., & Albert, W. S. (2022). Evidence for Shifting Cognitive Strategies when Icons Appear in Unexpected Locations. Human Factors, 0(0).

  34. Hester, N., Xie, S. Y., Bertin, J. A., & Hehman, E. (2022). Stereotypes shape response competition when forming impressions. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations.

  35. Pierce, J. E., Haque, E., & Neta, M. (2022). Affective flexibility as a developmental building block of cognitive reappraisal: An fMRI study. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 58.

  36. Toon, J., Bisson, M.-J., Scase, M., & Kukona, A. (2022). Continuous cursor-captured conceptual competition: Investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of spoken word comprehension. Memory & Cognition.

  37. D’Aversa, F.M., Lugli, L., Borghi, A.M., & Barca, L. (2022). Implicit effect of abstract/concrete components in the categorization of Chinese words. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 34(5), 592-606.

  38. Chen, K., Wang, R., Huang, J., Gao, F., Yuan, Z., Qi, Y., & Wu, H. (2022). A resource for assessing dynamic binary choices in the adult brain using EEG and mouse-tracking. Scientific Data, 9(416).

  39. Kinder, K. T., Buss, A. T., & Tas, A. C. (2022). Tracking flanker task dynamics: Evidence for continuous attentional selectivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 48(7), 771–781.

  40. Gaboriaud, A., Gautheron, F., Quinton, J.-C., & Smeding, A. (2022). The effects of intent, outcome, and causality on moral judgments and decision processes. Psychologica Belgica, 62(1), 218–229.

  41. Iodice, P., Cannito, L., Chaigneau, A., & Palumbo, R. (2022). Learned self-regulation in top-level managers through neurobiofeedback training improves decision making under stress. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1-13.

  42. Kroeper, K.M., Fried, A.C. & Murphy, M.C. (2022). Towards fostering growth mindset classrooms: identifying teaching behaviors that signal instructors’ fixed and growth mindsets beliefs to students. Social Psychology of Education, 25, 371–398.

  43. Roche, J. M., Morgan, S. D., & Fisk, S. (2022). Gender stereotypes drive perceptual differences of vocal confidence. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 151(5), 3031–3042.

  44. Lin, Y.-C., Lin, P.-Y., & Yeh, L.-H. (2022). Syllable or phoneme? A mouse-tracking investigation of phonological units in Mandarin Chinese and English spoken word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Advance online publication.

  45. Nowak, A., Vallacher, R. R., Bartkowski, W., & Olson, L. (2022). Integration and expression: The complementary functions of self‐reflection. Journal of Personality.

  46. Lin, E., & Schmid, P. C. (2022). Does power increase attention to rewards? examining the brain and behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 101, 104332.

  47. Ischen, C., Meijers, M. H., Vandeberg, L., & Smit, E. G. (2022). Seen as Green? Assessing the Salience and Greenness of Environmentally Friendly Packaging Cues. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 28(1), 31-48.

  48. Ye, W., & Damian, M. (2022). EXPRESS: Effects of Conflict in Cognitive Control: Evidence from Mouse Tracking. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17470218221078265.

  49. Korb, S., Mikus, N., Massaccesi, C., Grey, J., Duggirala, S. X., Kotz, S. A., & Mehu, M. (2022). EmoSex: Emotion prevails over sex in implicit judgments of faces and voices. Emotion. Advance online publication.

  50. Georgii, C., Eichin, K. N., Richard, A., Schnepper, R., Naab, S., Voderholzer, U., Treasure, J., & Blechert, J. (2022). I change my mind to get better: Process tracing-based microanalysis of food choice processes reveals differences between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa during inpatient treatment. Appetite, 168, 105745.

  51. Ye, W., & Damian, M. F. (2022). Effects of conflict in cognitive control: Evidence from Mouse Tracking. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 174702182210782.

  52. Sangati, E., Slors, M., Müller, B. C., & van Rooij, I. (2021). Joint Simon effect in movement trajectories. PLOS ONE, 16(12).

  53. Frame, M. E., Maresca, A. M., Boydstun, A. S., & Warren, R. (2021). Impact of video content and resolution on the Cognitive Dynamics of surveillance decision‐making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 35(3).

  54. Murray, G., Willer, C. J., Arner, T., Roche, J. M., & Morris, B. J. (2021). Contextualized knowledge reduces misconceived COVID-19 health decisions. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 10(3), 381–391.

  55. Chua, K.-W., & Freeman, J. B. (2022). Learning to judge a book by its cover: Rapid acquisition of facial stereotypes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 98, 104225.

  56. Ye, W., & Damian, M. F. (2021). Exploring task switch costs in a color-shape decision task via a mouse tracking paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.

  57. Buttlar, B., & Walther, E. (2021). Escaping from the meat paradox: How morality and disgust affect meat-related ambivalence. Appetite, 105721.

  58. McLean, M., Roche, J. M., Audet, L., Stribling, D., & Kaufman, R. (2021). Explicit and implicit cognitive processes associated with microaggression endorsement. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 6(6), 1719–1728.

  59. Vogels, J., Bimpikou, S., Kapelle, O., & Maier, E. (2021). Taking the perspective of narrative characters: A mouse-tracking study on the processing of ambiguous referring expressions in narrative discourse. Linguistics in the Netherlands, 38(1), 144–162.

  60. Wu, H., Cao, S., Bai, C., & Chen, K. (2021). Moral by default? The dynamic tradeoffs between honesty and self-interest.

  61. Raio, C. M., Harp, N. R., Brown, C. C., & Neta, M. (2021). Reappraisal—but not Suppression—Tendencies Determine Negativity Bias After Laboratory and Real-World Stress Exposure. Affective science, 1-13.

  62. Xu, X., Liu, X., Hu, X., & Wu, H. (2021). MT-aIAT: Integrating mouse tracking into memory-detection aIAT.

  63. Basyouni, R., Harp, N., Haas, I. J., & Neta, M. (2021). Political Identity and Perceived Threat Predict Negative Perceptions of Outgroup Facial Expressions.

  64. March, D., S. & Gaertner, L., & Olson, M. A. (in press). Danger or dislike: Distinguishing threat from valence as sources of automatic anti-Black bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

  65. West, S. J., Lasko, E., Hall, C., Khan, N., & Chester, D. (in press). Some Revenge Now or More Revenge Later? Applying an Intertemporal Framework to Retaliatory Aggression. Motivation Science.

  66. Korb, S., Deniz, T. C., Ünal, B., Clarke, A., & Silani, G. (in press). Emotion perception bias associated with the hijab in Austrian and Turkish participants. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.

  67. Oh, D., Walker, M., & Freeman, J. B. (2021). Person knowledge shapes face identity perception. Cognition, 217, 104889.

  68. Ikizoğlu, H. B., & Çakir, M. P. (2021). Investigation of Response Dynamics in the Simon Task with Mouse Tracking Methodology. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 58(3), 242.

  69. Pathak, L. S., Rijal, S., & Pathak, P. (2021). Instruction in second language enhances linguistic and cognitive abilities in first language as well: Evidence from public school education in Nepal. Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science, 5, 287–310.

  70. Hevia-Tuero, C., Incera, S., & Suárez-Coalla, P. (2021). Does English orthography influence bilingual Spanish readers? The effect of grapheme crosslinguistic congruency and complexity on letter detection. Cognitive Development, 59, 101074.

  71. Kuzmich, I., & Scherbaum, C. (2021). Identifying Faking on Forced-Choice Personality Items Using Mouse Tracking. Personnel Assessment and Decisions, 7(1), 5.

  72. Tomlinson Jr, J. M., & Ronderos, C. R. (2021). Does intonation automatically strengthen scalar implicatures?. Semantics and Pragmatics, 14, 4.

  73. McGuffin, B., Incera, S., & White, H. S. (2021). The Bluegrass corpus: Audio-visual stimuli to investigate foreign accents. Behavior Research Methods, 1-10.

  74. Buttlar, B., Löwenstein, L., Geske, M. S., Ahlmer, H., & Walther, E. (2021). Love Food, Hate Waste? Ambivalence towards Food Fosters People’s Willingness to Waste Food. Sustainability, 13(7), 3971.

  75. Hahn, L., Buttlar, B., & Walther, E. (2021). Unpacking Plastic: Investigating Plastic Related Ambivalence. Sustainability, 13(4), 2186.

  76. Zhang, G., Ma, J., Chan, P., & Ye, Z. (2021). Tracking Response Dynamics of Sequential Working Memory in Patients With Mild Parkinson’s Disease. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.

  77. Monaro, M., Negri, P., Zecchinato, F., Gamberini, L., & Sartori, G. (2021). Mouse Tracking IAT in Customer Research: An Investigation of Users’ Implicit Attitudes Towards Social Networks. In International Conference on Intelligent Human Systems Integration (pp. 691-696). Springer, Cham.

  78. Monaro, M., Mazza, C., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Orrù, G., di Domenico, A., ... & Roma, P. (2021). Detecting faking-good response style in personality questionnaires with four choice alternatives. Psychological Research, 1-14.

  79. Raio, C., Brown, C., & Neta, M. (2020). Propensity to reappraise promotes resilience to stress-induced negativity bias.

  80. Barnett, B. O., Brooks, J. A., & Freeman, J. B. (2020). Stereotypes bias face perception via orbitofrontal-fusiform cortical interaction. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.

  81. Golshaie, R., & Incera, S. (2020). Grammatical Aspect and Mental Activation of Implied Instruments: A Mouse-Tracking Study in Persian. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 1-19.

  82. Wang, J., Lin, W., Fang, X., & Mo, L. (2020). The Influence of Emotional Visual Context on the Judgment of Face Trustworthiness. Psychology Research and Behavior Management13, 963.

  83. Betancourt, K. R., & Frisch, S. A. (2020). Using a novel sorting game to explore the role of phonotactic probability and linguistic environment in nonword processing by Spanish-English bilingual childrenChild Bilingualism and Second Language Learning: Multidisciplinary perspectives10, 65.

  84. Geiger, N., Pasek, M. H., Gruszczynski, M., Ratcliff, N. J., & Weaver, K. S. (2020). Political Ingroup Conformity and Pro-Environmental Behavior: Evaluating the Evidence from a Survey and Mousetracking Experiments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 101524.

  85. Monaro, M., Cannonito, E., Gamberini, L., & Sartori, G. (2020). Spotting faked 5 stars ratings in E-Commerce using mouse dynamics. Computers in Human Behavior, 106348.

  86. Zhao, L., Yuan, S., Guo, Y., Wang, S., Chen, C., & Zhang, S. (2020). Inhibitory control is associated with the activation of output-driven competitors in a spoken word recognition task. The Journal of General Psychology, 1-28.

  87. Calluso, C., Pettorruso, M., Tosoni, A., Carenti, M. L., Cannito, L., Martinotti, G., ... & Committeri, G. (2020). Cognitive dynamics of intertemporal choice in gambling disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 106463.

  88. Briscoe, J., & Gilchrist, I. D. (2020). Proactive and reactive control mechanisms in navigational search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1747021820958923.

  89. Mazza, C., Monaro, M., Burla, F., Colasanti, M., Orrù, G., Ferracuti, S., & Roma, P. (2020). Use of mouse-tracking software to detect faking-good behavior on personality questionnaires: an explorative study. Scientific Reports, 10.

  90. Darley, E. J., Kent, C., & Kazanina, N. (2020). A ‘no’ with a trace of ‘yes’: A mouse-tracking study of negative sentence processing. Cognition, 198.

  91. Calluso, C., Zandi, M. A., & Devetag, M. G. (2020). Cognitive Dynamics of Religiosity and Intertemporal Choice BehaviorJournal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,

  92. Incera, S., Tuft, S. E., Fernandes, R. B. & McLennan, C. T. (2020). Using mouse tracking to investigate auditory taboo effects in first and second language speakers of American English. Cognition and Emotion.

  93. Krueger, B. I. & Storkel, H. (2020). Children’s response bias and identification of misarticulated words. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 1-15.

  94. Paladino, M. P., & Mazzurega, M. (2019). One of Us: On the Role of Accent and Race in Real-Time In-Group Categorization. Journal of Language and Social Psychology.

  95. Ferguson, A. M., Roche, J. M. & Arnold, H. S. (2019). Social judgments of digitally manipulated stuttered speech: An evaluation of self-disclosure on cognition. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.

  96. Vaes, J., Cogoni, C. & Calcagni, A. (2019). Resolving the human-object divide in sexual objectification: How we settle the categorization conflict when categorizing objectified and nonobjectified human targets. Social Psychological and Personality Science.

  97. Faust, N. T., Chatterjee, A. & Christopoulos, G. I. (2019). Beauty in the eyes and the hand of the beholder: Eye and hand movements’ differential responses to facial attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 85.

  98. Lee, Y., Kaiser, E., & Goldstein, L. (2019). I scream for ice cream: Resolving lexical ambiguity with sub-phonemic information. Language and Speech, 1-14.

  99. Złotowski, J. Khalil, A. & Abdallah, S. (2019). One robot doesn’t fit all : aligning social robot appearance and job suitability from Middle Eastern perspective. In: Al & Society : Knowledge, Culture, and Communication (1-16). Springer Nature.

  100. Shields, G. S., Rivers, A. M., Ramney, M. M., Trainor, B. C. & Yonelinas, A. P. (2019). Mild acute stress improves response speed without imparing accuracy or interference control in two selective attention tasks: Implications for theories of stress and cognition. Psychoneuroendocrinology,

  101. Ruitenberg, M.F.L., Braum, S., Du Cheyne, H. & Notebaert, W. (2019). Learning to be in control involves response-specific mechanisms. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 81, 1-12.

  102. Buttlar, B. & Walther, E. (2019). Dealing with the meat paradox: Threat leads to moral disengagement from meat consumption. Appetite, 137, 73-80.

  103. Hicks, J. L., Spitler, S. N. & Papesh, M. H. (2019). Response Dynamics of Even-based Prospective Memory Retrieval in Mouse Tracking. Memory & Cognition, 47, 1-13.

  104. Brooks, J.A., & Freeman, J.B (2018). Conceptual knowledge predicts the representational structure of facial emotion perception. Nature Human Behavior, 2,  581-591.

  105. Bundt, C., Ruitenberg, M. F., Abrahamse, E. L., & Notebaert, W. (2018). Early and late indications of item-specific control in a Stroop mouse tracking studyPloS one13 (5).

  106. Monaro, M., Toncini, A., Ferracuti, S., Tessari, G., Vaccaro, M. G., De Fazio, P., ... & Sartori, G. (2018). The Detection of Malingering: A New Tool to Identify Made-Up DepressionFrontiers in Psychiatry, 9.

  107. Buttlar, B., & Walther, E. (2018). Measuring the meat paradox: How ambivalence towards meat influences moral disengagement. Appetite.

  108. Brambilla, M., Biella, M., & Freeman, J. B. (2018). The influence of visual context on the evaluation of facial trustworthinessJournal of Experimental Social Psychology78, 34-42.

  109. Zybatow, T., & Weskott, T. (2018). Das Doppelperfekt: Theorie und Empirie. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft37 (1), 83-124.

  110. Gill, M. J., & Ungson, N. D. (2018). How much blame does he truly deserve? Historicist narratives engender uncertainty about blameworthiness, facilitating motivated cognition in moral judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology77, 11-23.

  111. Krueger, B. I., Storkel, H. L., & Minai, U. (2017). The Influence of Misarticulations on Children's Word Identification and Processing. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.

  112. Pezzulo, G., Iodice, P., Barca, L., Chausse, P., Monceau, S., & Mermillod, M. (2018). Increased heart rate after exercise facilitates the processing of fearful but not disgusted faces. Scientific reports8(1), 398.

  113. Lim, S. L., Penrod, M. T., Ha, O. R., Bruce, J. M., & Bruce, A. S. (2018). Calorie Labeling Promotes Dietary Self-Control by Shifting the Temporal Dynamics of Health-and Taste-Attribute Integration in Overweight Individuals. Psychological science, 29(3), 447-462.

  114. Wang, Q., Taylor, H. A., & Brunyé, T. T. (2018). Action compatibility in spatial knowledge developed through virtual navigation. Psychological research, 1-15.

  115. Monaro, M., Fugazza F.I., Gamberini, L. & Sartori, G. (2017). How Human-Mouse Interaction can Accurately Detect Faked Responses About Identity. Springer, Cham, 9961, 115-124.

  116. Hermens, F. (2018). When do arrows start to compete? A developmental mouse-tracking study. Acta psychologica182, 177-188.

  117. Ke, A. H., Epstein, S. D., Lewis, R., & Pires, A. (2017). The quantificational domain of dou: An experimental study. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 1-20.

  118. Li, H., & Wang, F. (2017). Real-time measurement of wise personality cognition: Evidence from mouse tracking. Current Psychology, 1-15.

  119. Yamauchi, T., & Xiao, K. (2017). Reading Emotion From Mouse Cursor Motions: Affective Computing ApproachCognitive Science A Multidisciplinary Journal, 42 (2).

  120. Brown, C. C., Raio, C. M., & Neta, M. (2017). Cortisol responses enhance negative valence perception for ambiguous facial expressions. Scientific Reports7(1), 15107.

  121. Stronsick, L. M., Tuft, S. E., Incera, S., & McLennan, C. T. (2017). Masculine harps and feminine horns: Timbre and pitch level influence gender ratings of musical instruments. Psychology of Music, 0305735617734629.

  122. Zhang, K., Zhang, Q., Zhou, J., & Wang, P. (2017). The interactions between multiple social subcategories in facial recognition. Advances in Psychological Science25(11), 1955-1963.

  123. Weis, P. P., & Wiese, E. (2017). Cognitive conflict as possible origin of the uncanny valley. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 61, 1599-1603.

  124. Iodice, P., Calluso, C., Barca, L., Bertollo, M., Ripari, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2017). Fatigue increases the perception of future effort during decision making. Psychology of Sport and Exercise.

  125. Ruitenberg, M. F., Abrahamse, E. L., Santens, P., & Notebaert, W. (2017). The effect of dopaminergic medication on conflict adaptation in Parkinson's diseaseJournal of Neuropsychology.

  126. Tomlinson Jr, J. M., Gotzner, N., & Bott, L. (2017). Intonation and Pragmatic Enrichment: How Intonation Constrains Ad Hoc Scalar Inferences. Language and Speech60(2), 200-223.

  127. Xiao, K., & Yamauchi, T. (2017). The role of attention in subliminal semantic processing: A mouse tracking study. PLoS One12 (6).

  128. Monaro, M., Gamberini, L., & Sartori, G. (2017). The detection of faked identity using unexpected questions and mouse dynamics. PLoS One12(5), e0177851.

  129. Stolier, R. M., & Freeman, J. B. (2017). A neural mechanism of social categorizationJournal of Neuroscience, 3334-16.

  130. Barca, L., Pezzulo, G., Ouellet, M., & Ferrand, L. (2017). Dynamic lexical decisions in French: Evidence for a feedback inconsistency effect. Acta psychologica180, 23-32.

  131. Incera, S., & McLennan, C. T. (2017). Bilingualism and age are continuous variables that influence executive function. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 1-21.

  132. Krendl, A. C., & Cassidy, B. S. (2017). Looking the Part (to Me): Effects of Racial Prototypicality on Race Perception Vary by Prejudice. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.

  133. Davis, S. W., & Haws, K. L. (2017). Don’t sweat the big stuff: Emphasizing importance hinders goal pursuit for consumers low in dispositional self-control resources. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, 2(1).

  134. Incera, S., Shah, A. P., McLennan, C. T., & Wetzel, M. T. (2017). Sentence context influences the subjective perception of foreign accents. Acta Psychologica, (172), 71-76.

  135. Harper, C. A., Bartels, R. M., & Hogue, T. E. (2017). Reducing stigma and punitive attitudes toward pedophiles through narrative humanization. Sexual abuse: A journal of research and treatment.

  136. Lazerus, T., Ingbretsen, Z. A., Stolier, R. M., Freeman, J. B., & Cikara, M. (2016). Positivity bias in judging ingroup members’ emotional expressionsEmotion, 16(8).

  137. Capellini, R., Sacchi, S., Ricciardelli, P., & Actis-Grosso, R. (2016). Social threat and motor resonance: When a menacing outgroup delays motor responseFrontiers in Psychology, 7.

  138. Du, J., Kade, D., Gerdtman, C., Özcan, O., & Lindén, M. (2016). The effects of perceived USB-delay for sensor and embedded system development. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2492-2495.

  139. Ruitenberg, M. F., Duthoo, W., Santens, P., Seidler, R. D., Notebaert, W., & Abrahamse, E. L. (2016). Sequence learning in Parkinson's disease: Focusing on action dynamics and the role of dopaminergic medication. Neuropsychologia, 30-39.

  140. Salgado-Montejo, A., Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Alvarado, J. A., Arboleda, J. C., Suarez, D. R., & Spence, C. (2016). Drawing sounds: Representing tones and chords spatially. Experimental Brain Research, 234(12), 3509-3522. doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4747-9

  141. Mattek, A. M., Whalen, P. J., Berkowitz, J. L., & Freeman, J. B. (2016). Differential effects of cognitive load on subjective versus motor responses to ambiguously valenced facial expressions. Emotion, 16(6), 929-936. doi:10.1037/emo0000148

  142. Velasco, C., Salgado-Montejo, A., Elliot, A. J., Woods, A. T., Alvarado, J., & Spence, C. (2016). The shapes associated with approach/avoidance words. Motivation and Emotion, 40(5), 689-702. doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9559-5

  143. Neta, M., & Tong, T. T. (2016). Don’t like what you see? Give it time: Longer reaction times associated with increased positive affect. Emotion16(5), 730.

  144. Quétard, B., Quinton, J. C., Mermillod, M., Barca, L., Pezzulo, G., Colomb, M., & Izaute, M. (2016). Differential effects of visual uncertainty and contextual guidance on perceptual decisions: Evidence from eye and mouse tracking in visual search. Journal of Vision, 16(11).

  145. Smeding, A., Quinton, J. C., Lauer, K., Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2016). Tracking and simulating dynamics of implicit stereotypes: A situated social cognition perspective. Journal of personality and social psychology, 111(6).

  146. Monaro, M., Gamberini, L., & Sartori, G. (2016). Identity verification using a kinematic memory detection technique. Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering, 123-132.

  147. Miyazaki, Y., Atsumi, N., Zushi, M., & Norizuki, K. (2016). Detecting learners' hesitation in solving word-reordering problems with machine learning for classification. EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology, 1638-1646.

  148. Ha, O. R., Bruce, A. S., Pruitt, S. W., Smith, T. R., Burkart, D., Cherry, J. B. C., ... & Lim, S. L. (2016). Healthy eating decisions require efficient dietary self-control in children: A mouse-tracking food decision study. Appetite.

  149. Faulkenberry, T. J. (2016). Testing a direct mapping versus competition account of response dynamics in number comparison. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 1-18.

  150. Stolier, R. M. & Freeman, J. B. (2016). Neural pattern similarity reveals the inherent intersection of social categories. Nature Neuroscience.

  151. Triberti, S., Repetto, C., Costantini, M., Riva, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (in press). Press to grasp: how action dynamics shape object categorization. Experimental Brain Research, 1-8.

  152. Carraro, L., Castelli, L. & Negri, P. (2016). The hand in motion of liberals and conservatives reveals the differential processing of positive and negative information. Acta Psychologica.

  153. Hermens, F., Bindemann, M., & Burton, A. M. (2016). Responding to social and symbolic extrafoveal cues: cue shape trumps biological relevance. Psychological research, 1-19.

  154. Freeman, J. B., Pauker, K., & Sanchez, D. T. (2016). A perceptual pathway to bias: Interracial exposure reduces abrupt shifts in real-time race perception that predict mixed-race biasPsychological Science.

  155. Faulkenberry, T. J., Cruise, A., Lavro, D., & Shaki, S. (2016). Response trajectories capture the continuous dynamics of the size-congruity effect.  Acta Psychologica, 163, 114-123.

  156. Barca, L., Benedetti, F., Pezzulo, G. (2015). The effects of phonological similarity on the semantic categorization of pictorial and lexical stimuli: evidence from continuous behavioral measures. Journal of Cognitive Psychology.

  157. Rule, N. O., Tskhay, K. O., Brambilla, M., Riva, P., Andrzejewski, S. A., & Krendl, A. C. (2015). The relationship between anti-gay prejudice and the categorization of sexual orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 74-80. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.038

  158. Calluso, C., Committeri, G., Pezzulo, G., Lepora, N., & Tosoni, A. (2015). Analysis of hand kinematics reveals inter-individual differences in intertemporal decision dynamics. Experimental Brain Research, 233(12), 3597-3611. doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4427-1

  159. Ganor-Stern, D., & Goldman, R. (2015). Reaching towards an end: Numerical end and distance effects in motor movements. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 27(4), 490-498. doi:10.1080/20445911.2014.950662

  160. Yang, S. & Pao, C. (2015). Do we “See” the same thing? an experimental look into the black box of disorder perception. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 52(4), 534-566. doi:10.1177/0022427815580167

  161. Gillebaart, M., Schneider, I. K., De Ridder, D. T. D. (2015). Effects of Trait Self-Control on Response Conflict about Healthy and Unhealthy Food. Journal of Personality.

  162. Quétard, B., Quinton, J. C., Colomb, M., Pezzulo, G., Barca, L., Izaute, M., & Mermillod, M. (2015). Combined effects of expectations and visual uncertainty upon detection and identification of a target in the fog. Cognitive Processing, 1-6.

  163. Sulpizio, S., Fasoli, F., Maass, A., Paladino, M. P., Vespignani, F., Eyssel, F., & Bentler, D. (2015). The Sound of Voice: Voice-Based Categorization of Speakers’ Sexual Orientation within and across Languages. PLoS ONE, 10, e0128882.

  164. Schneider, I. K., Van Harreveld, F., Rotteveel, M., Topolinski, S., van der Pligt, J., Schwarz, N., & Koole, S. L. (2015). The path of ambivalence: Tracing the pull of opposing evaluations using mouse trajectories. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 996.

  165. Faulkenberry, T. J., Montgomery, S. A., & Tennes, S. N. (2015). Response trajectories reveal the temporal dynamics of fraction representations. Acta Psychologica ,159, 100-107.

  166. Incera, S. & McLennan, C. T. (2015). Mouse tracking reveals that bilinguals behave like experts. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.

  167. Lepora, N. F. & Pezzulo, G. (2015). Embodied choice: How action influences perceptual decision making. PLoS Computational Biology.

  168. Calluso, C., Tosoni, A., Pezzulo, G., Spadone, S. & Committeri, G. (2015). Interindividual variability in functional connectivity as long-term correlate of temporal discounting. PLoS ONE.

  169. Barca, L. & Pezzulo, G. (2015). Tracking second thoughts: Continuous and discrete revision processes during visual lexical decision. PLoS ONE.

  170. Ambrosini, E., Pezzulo, G., & Costantini, M. (2015). The eye in hand: Predicting others' behavior by integrating multiple sources of information. Journal of Neurophysiology.

  171. Blazej L.J., Cohen-Goldberg A.M. (2014). Can We Hear Morphological Complexity Before Words Are Complex? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance.

  172. Squires, L. (2014). Processing, evaluation, knowledge: Testing the perception of english subject-verb agreement variation. Journal of English Linguistics, 42(2), 144-172. doi:10.1177/0075424214526057

  173. Cloutier, J., Freeman, J. B., & Ambady, N. (2014). Investigating the early stages of person perception: The asymmetry of social categorization by sex vs. age. PLoS ONE, 9(1) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084677

  174. Flumini, A., Barca, L., Borghi, A. M., & Pezzulo, G. (2014). How do you hold your mouse? tracking the compatibility effect between hand posture and stimulus size. Psychological Research, 79(6), 928-938. doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0622-0

  175. Abney, D. H., McBride, D. M., Conte, A. M., & Vinson, D. W. (2014). Response dynamics in prospective memoryPsychonomic Bulletin & Review.

  176. Leitner, J. B., Hehman, E., Deegan, M. P., Jones, J. M. (2014). Adaptive disengagement buffers self-esteem from negative social feedbackPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

  177. Hehman, E., Ingbretsen, Z. A., & Freeman, J. B. (2014). The neural basis of stereotypic impact on multiple social categorizationNeuroImage.

  178. Hehman, E., Carpinella, C. M., Johnson, K. L., Leitner, J. B., & Freeman, J. B. (2014). Early processing of gendered facial cues predicts the electoral success of female politiciansSocial Psychological and Personality Science.

  179. Rule, N. O., Tskhay, T., Freeman, J. B., & Ambady, N. (2014). On the interactive influence of facial appearance and explicit knowledge in social categorizationEuropean Journal of Social Psychology.

  180. Marghetis, T., Nunez, R., & Bergen, B. K. (2014). Doing arithmetic by hand: Hand movements during exact arithmetic reveal systematic, dynamic spatial processing. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.

  181. Chong, Y. W., Kee, Y. H, & Chaturvedi, I. (2014). Effects of brief mindfulness induction on weakening habits: Evidence from a computer mouse control task. Mindfulness.

  182. Faulkenberry, T. J. (2013). Hand movements reflect competitive processing in numerical cognitionCanadian Journal of Experimental Psychology.

  183. van der Wel, R. P. R. D., Sebanz, N. & Knoblich, G. (2013). Do people automatically track others' beliefs? Evidence from a continuous measure. Cognition, 130(1), 128-133.

  184. Torres, E. B., Isenhower, R. W., Yanovich, P., Rehrig, G., Stigler, K., Nurnberger, J., & José, J. V. (2013). Strategies to develop putative biomarkers to characterize the female phenotype with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Neurophysiology, 110(7), 1646-1662. doi:10.1152/jn.00059.2013

  185. Torres, E. B., Brincker, M., Isenhower, R. W., Yanovich, P., Stigler, K., Nurnberger, J., . . . José, J. V. (2013). Autism: The micro-movement perspective. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, doi:10.3389/fnint.2013.00032

  186. Quinton, J. C., Volpi, N. C., Barca, L., & Pezzulo, G. (2013). The Cat Is On the Mat. Or Is It a Dog? Dynamic Competition in Perceptual Decision MakingIEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

  187. Palmer, C.J., Paton, B., Barclay, L., Hohwy, J. (2013). Equality, Efficiency, and Sufficiency: Responding to Multiple Parameters of Distributive Justice During Charitable DistributionReview of Philosophy and Psychology.

  188. Freeman, J.B. (in press). Abrupt category shifts during real-time person perception. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. [Supplementary material]

  189. Freeman, J.B., Nakayama, K., & Ambady, N. (2013). Finger in flight reveals parallel categorization across multiple social dimensionsSocial Cognition.

  190. Freeman, J.B., Ma, Y., Han, S., & Ambady, N. (2013). Influences of culture and visual context on real-time social categorization. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. [Supplementary material]

  191. Tomlinson, J. M., Bailey, T. M., & Bott, L. (2013). Possibly all of that and then some: Scalar implicatures are understood in two stepsJournal of Memory & Language, 69(1), 18-35.

  192. Schneider, I. K. (2013). The dynamics of ambivalence: Cognitive, affective, and physical consequences of evaluative conflict.

  193. Tower-Richardi, S.M., Brunyé, T.T., Gagnon, S.A., Mahoney, C.R. & Taylor, H.A. (2012). Abstract spatial concept priming dynamically influences real-world actionsFrontiers in Psychology, 3, 361.

  194. Wang, Q., Taylor, H. A., & Brunyé, T. T. (2012). When going the right way is hard to do: Distinct phases of action compatibility in spatial knowledge development. Acta Psychologica, 139(3), 449-457. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.01.006

  195. Papesh, M.H. & Goldinger, S.D. (2012). Memory in motion: Movement dynamics reveal memory strengthPsychonomic Bulletin & Review 19 (5), 906-913.

  196. Martens, M.A., Hasinski, A.E., Andridge, R.R., & Cunningham, W.A. (2012). Continuous cognitive dynamics of the evaluation of trustworthiness in Williams syndromeFrontiers in Psychology, 3, 160.

  197. Morett, L.M. & MacWhinney, B. (2012). Syntactic transfer in English-speaking Spanish learners. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.

  198. Barca L., Pezzulo G. (2012). Unfolding Visual Lexical Decision in Time. PLoS ONE 7, e35932.

  199. Wang, Q., Taylor, H.A., & Brunyé, T.T. (2012). When going the right way is hard to do: Distinct phases of action compatibility in spatial knowledge development. Acta Psychologica, 139, 449-457.

  200. Freeman, J.B., Penner, A.M., Saperstein, A., Scheutz, M., & Ambady, N. (2011). Looking the part: Social status cues shape race perceptionPLoS ONE, 6. [HTML]  [Video]

  201. Johnson, K.L., Freeman, J.B., & Pauker, K. (2012). Race is gendered: How covarying phenotypes and stereotypes bias sex categorization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102 (1), 116-131.

  202. Yu, Z., Wang, F., Wang, D., & Bastin, M. (2012). Beyond reaction times: Incorporating mouse tracking measures into the Implicit Association Test to examine its underlying process. Social Cognition, 30(3), 289-306.

  203. Freeman, J.B. & Ambady, N. (2011). Hand movements reveal the time-course of shape and pigmentation processing in face categorization. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18, 705-712.

  204. Freeman, J.B. & Ambady, N. (2011). A dynamic interactive theory of person construalPsychological Review, 118, 247-279.

  205. Freeman, J.B. & Ambady, N. (2011). When two become one: Temporally dynamic integration of the face and voiceJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 259-263.   [Supplementary materials]

  206. Freeman, J.B., Pauker, K., Apfelbaum, E.P., & Ambady, N. (2010). Continuous dynamics in the real-time perception of race. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 179-185.

  207. Miles, L.K., Betka, E., Pendry, L.F., & Macrae, C.N. (2010). Mapping temporal constructs: Actions reveal that time is a placeQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 2113–2119.

  208. Freeman, J.B. & Ambady, N. (2009). Motions of the hand expose the partial and parallel activation of stereotypesPsychological Science, 20,1183-1188.

  209. Freeman, J.B., Ambady, N., Rule, N.O., & Johnson, K.L. (2008). Will a category cue attract you? Motor output reveals dynamic competition across person construalJournal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 673-690.